1. Answer A is correct. LAN broadcasts do not cross routers (Layer 3 devices). The router forms the boundary of the broadcast domain. Broadcast traffic and collision signals do not cross routers.

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2. Answer B is correct. In the Catalyst 2900XL series, ip default-gateway command is used to set the default gateway.

Answers A, C, and D are incorrect. 2900XL does not support choices A and D and there is no "ip default route" command; that is the reason choice C is also incorrect.

3. Answer D is correct. Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) is a Layer 2 protocol designed to run on bridges and switches. The specification for STP is called 802.1d. The main purpose of STP is to ensure that you do not run into a loop situation when you have redundant paths in your network. Loops are deadly to a network.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. VTP is a Layer 2 messaging protocol that maintains VLAN configuration consistency by managing the addition, deletion, and renaming of VLANs within a VTP domain. Through VTP we can't achieve the loop avoidance.

VTP pruning enhances network bandwidth use by reducing unnecessary flooded traffic, such as broadcast, multicast, unknown, and flooded unicast packets. It is not related to loop avoidance.

4. Answer D is correct. Routing is required for interVLAN communication. Each VLAN should be connected to the router on a separate physical link.

5. Answers D and E are correct. The challenges involved in accelerating to 1 Gbps have been resolved by merging two technologies together: IEEE 802.3 Ethernet and ANSI X3T11 Fiber Channel. There are two Gigabit Ethernet standards, which describe Ethernet systems that operate at 1000 Mbps. The 802.3z standard describes the specifications for the 1000BASE-X fiber optic Gigabit Ethernet system. The 802.3ab standard describes the specifications for the 1000BASE-T twisted-pair Gigabit Ethernet system.

6. Answers A and D are correct. Access layer switches are used at the edge of the network, on the LANs. The main purpose is to give network access to end-users. Access layer switches should be low cast and have many ports.

Choices B and C are incorrect. Access switches are not used for WAN connectivity. Access layered switched have, at least historically, been used at Layer 2.

7. Answers A and D are correct. A VLAN is a single broadcast domain. A large number of VLANs may be implemented to reduce the size of the broadcast domain. Routers do not forward local broadcasts.

Choices B, C, and E are incorrect. We can't use these to reduce the broadcast frame.

8. Answer A is correct. For Dynamic VLAN, VMPS (VLAN Member Policy Server) is required to manage VLAN membership. In a Static VLAN membership, VLAN is managed by network administrator manually.

9. Answer B is correct. In the hardware address 0000.0c07.ac0a, 07.ac represents the HSRP well-known virtual MAC address not the HSRP router number.

10. Answer C is correct. The show cgmp statistics command is used to display GMRP-related statistics for a specified VLAN. Included in the output is Total GMRP packets dropped.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. There are no such commands.

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