2. Answer B is correct. Multicast traffic uses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) to transmit multicasts. Because of this, there is a possibility that packets will arrive out of order or that multiple identical packets will be received. However, multicasts are ideal for delivering data streams to multiple users on the network if guaranteed delivery is not an issue. Since only Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) transmissions can use the TCP slow start mechanisms of Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED), multicasts should not be used when guaranteed delivery of data is required.

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3. Answers A and E are correct. In a large campus network, route processors (RPs) should be distributed throughout the network and they should be configured so they are each responsible for a different range of IP addresses. In a small campus network, it is acceptable to have a single RP in the campus backbone that is responsible for all multicast traffic. In a wide area network (WAN) design, RPs should be placed as close to the source router as possible.

4. Answer D is correct. When designing a virtual private network (VPN), it is imperative that the VPN concentrator be placed behind a router to protect it from direct exposure to the Internet. Since the Internet uses Layer 3 addressing, Layer 2 devices are not sufficient to protect the VPN concentrator from the Internet.

5. Answer D is correct. Network address translation (NAT) traversal allows a NAT router running port address translation (PAT) to use a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) header so IPSec negotiation can occur. However, the use of NAT traversal is not very scalable and works best in smaller network environments. NAT overloading allows multiple internal IP addresses to use a single external address. Static NAT is a manual mapping of internal IP addresses to a single external IP address. Overlapping NAT is used when multiple locations have the same internal private IP addressing structure.

6. Answer C is correct. CiscoWorks Blue Maps enables you to view logical maps of Cisco routers that are running Cisco IOS Release 11.0 or later and are configured with either remote source-route bridging (RSRB), data-link switching (DLSw), or Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN). Each application (RSRB, DLSw, or APPN) presents the network administrator with a dynamic, color-coded network map of routers that are enabled with a specific SNA-related protocol. CiscoWorks Blue Maps requires the related MIBs (RSRB, DLSw, and APPN) to be installed on the routers. CiscoView (formerly a part of the CiscoWorks package) is a graphical device management technology that is the standard for managing Cisco devices.

7. Answer A is correct. EtherChannel logically bundles multiple physical connections Internet small computer systems interface (iSCSI) can span the entire area of a wide area network (WAN) and is used to encapsulate data into IP packets. In addition, it can be authenticated using either remote authentication dial-in user service (RADIUS) or a terminal access controller access control system plus (TACACS+) server. Fiber channel can transfer data at rates exceeding 100 Mbps and uses Fiber Channel over IP (FCIP) to interconnect storage area network (SAN) islands. Internet small computer systems interface (iSCSI) can span the entire area of a wide area network (WAN) and is used to encapsulate data into IP packets. In addition, it can be authenticated using either remote authentication dial-in user service (RADIUS) or a terminal access controller access control system plus (TACACS+) server. Fiber channel can transfer data at rates exceeding 100 Mbps and uses Fiber Channel over IP (FCIP) to interconnect storage area network (SAN) islands.

8. Answer D is correct. When designing a content networking solution to save significant wide area network (WAN) bandwidth, you should ensure that the content engines have enough storage space to allow between 24 and 72 hours worth of storage space to see a real bandwidth savings.

9. Answer E is correct. The components of a Cisco site-to-site virtual private network (VPN) are as follows:

• IPSec and GRE tunnels - IPSec tunnels transport IP traffic and are restricted to unicasts. GRE tunnels allow for other types of transmissions.
• Cisco head-end VPN routers are internal network routers.
• Cisco VPN access routers are access points from the Internet to the network.
• Internet access provides connectivity to the Internet. Site-to-site VPNs use the Internet to connect over long distances, which is much cheaper than a wide area network (WAN) connection.

10. Answer B is correct. A campus network that incorporates Layer 3 everywhere has the following characteristics:

• ACLs and QoS define domain policies
• Per VLAN and per destination load sharing
• Segment failure domain
• Routing protocol hold-timer convergence

A campus network that incorporates Layer 2 everywhere has the following characteristics:

• ACLs and QoS define domain policies
• Per VLAN load sharing
• VLAN failure domain
• STP convergence

A campus network that incorporates Layer 3 in distribution only has the following characteristics:

• ACLs and QoS define domain policies
• Per VLAN and per destination load sharing
• Access and core failure domain
• Routing protocol hold-timer convergence

A campus network that incorporates Layer 3 in core and distribution has the following characteristics:

• ACLs and QoS define domain policies
• Per VLAN and per destination load sharing
• Access failure domain
• Routing protocol hold-timer convergence

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